<objective> Analyze Rust libraries for optimization opportunities with focus on runtime performance and memory usage. Uses dynamic profiling tools when available, falls back to static analysis, and produces prioritized findings with a detailed report. </objective>

<quick_start> Run profiling tools first, then analyze code:

# Check for benchmarks
ls benches/ 2>/dev/null || ls **/bench*.rs 2>/dev/null

# Run benchmarks if available
cargo bench

# Generate flamegraph (if installed)
cargo flamegraph --bench <benchmark_name>

# Check binary/dependency bloat
cargo bloat --release
cargo bloat --release --crates

If tools missing, see <tools_setup> for installation. </quick_start>

<process> **Phase 1: Tool Detection & Dynamic Analysis**

Check available tools:

command -v flamegraph && echo "flamegraph: installed"
cargo bloat --version 2>/dev/null && echo "cargo-bloat: installed"
command -v samply && echo "samply: installed"
command -v heaptrack && echo "heaptrack: installed"

Run benchmarks (if benches/ or #[bench] exists):
```
cargo bench -- --save-baseline before
```
CPU profiling (pick available tool):
- cargo flamegraph - generates SVG flamegraph
- samply record cargo run --release - sampling profiler
- perf record cargo run --release && perf report - Linux perf
Memory profiling:
- heaptrack cargo run --release - heap allocations
- valgrind --tool=massif - memory over time
- DHAT via #[global_allocator] instrumentation

Phase 2: Static Code Analysis

Scan the codebase for these patterns (priority order):

Hot path allocations: .clone(), .to_string(), .to_vec() in loops
Unnecessary allocations: String where &str suffices, Vec where slice works
Missing #[inline]: Small functions called across crate boundaries
Inefficient iterators: .collect() followed by iteration, multiple .iter() passes
Box/Arc overuse: Heap allocation where stack would work
HashMap/BTreeMap inefficiency: Missing with_capacity(), poor hash functions
String formatting in hot paths: format!() allocates, prefer write!()
Bounds checking: Array indexing vs .get_unchecked() in verified-safe paths
Memory layout: Large structs, poor field ordering, excessive padding

Phase 3: Generate Report

Produce two outputs:

Prioritized findings list - ranked by estimated impact
Detailed report - comprehensive markdown with sections </process>

<optimization_patterns> Runtime Performance (Priority 1)

Pattern	Problem	Solution
`.clone()` in loops	Repeated heap allocation	Borrow, use `Cow<T>`, or hoist clone
`collect().iter()`	Intermediate allocation	Chain iterators directly
Missing `#[inline]`	Function call overhead	Add `#[inline]` or `#[inline(always)]`
`format!()` in hot path	Allocates String	Use `write!()` to existing buffer
`HashMap` default hasher	SipHash is slow	Use `FxHashMap` or `ahash`
Recursive without TCO	Stack growth, cache misses	Convert to iteration
Virtual dispatch (`dyn Trait`)	Indirect call overhead	Use generics or enum dispatch

Memory Usage (Priority 2)

Pattern	Problem	Solution
`String` for static text	Heap allocation	Use `&'static str` or `Cow<str>`
`Vec<T>` without capacity	Repeated reallocation	`Vec::with_capacity(n)`
Large enum variants	Wastes memory on small variants	Box large variants
`Box<dyn Trait>`	Heap + vtable overhead	Consider enum dispatch
Struct field ordering	Padding waste	Order fields large-to-small
`Arc` where `Rc` suffices	Extra atomic overhead	Use `Rc` if single-threaded
Owned in struct fields	Forces cloning	Consider borrowing with lifetime
</optimization_patterns>

<tools_setup> Install profiling tools if missing:

# Flamegraph (CPU profiling visualization)
cargo install flamegraph
# Linux: sudo apt install linux-perf
# macOS: works via dtrace

# cargo-bloat (binary size analysis)
cargo install cargo-bloat

# samply (sampling profiler)
cargo install samply

# heaptrack (memory profiling) - Linux only
sudo apt install heaptrack heaptrack-gui

# criterion (micro-benchmarking)
# Add to Cargo.toml: criterion = "0.5"

For accurate profiling:

# Cargo.toml - add release profile with debug info
[profile.release]
debug = true

</tools_setup>

<output_format> 1. Prioritized Findings List

## Optimization Findings (Prioritized)

### Critical (High Impact)
1. **[PERF]** `src/parser.rs:142` - `.clone()` inside hot loop, ~500k calls/sec
2. **[MEM]** `src/cache.rs:89` - HashMap without capacity, grows 12 times

### Important (Medium Impact)
3. **[PERF]** `src/lib.rs:34` - Missing `#[inline]` on public API hot path
4. **[MEM]** `src/types.rs:15-28` - Struct padding wastes 24 bytes per instance

### Minor (Low Impact)
5. **[PERF]** `src/utils.rs:67` - `format!()` could use `write!()`

2. Detailed Report Structure

# Rust Optimization Analysis Report

## Executive Summary
- Total findings: X
- Critical: Y | Important: Z | Minor: W
- Estimated performance gain: ...

## Profiling Results
### CPU Profile
[Flamegraph or hotspot analysis]

### Memory Profile
[Allocation patterns, peak usage]

## Findings by Category

### Runtime Performance
[Detailed findings with code snippets and fixes]

### Memory Usage
[Detailed findings with before/after layouts]

## Recommended Changes
[Prioritized action items with effort estimates]

## Appendix
- Tool versions used
- Benchmark results
- Profiling methodology

</output_format>

<static_analysis_commands> Use these to find common patterns:

# Find .clone() in potential hot paths
rg '\.clone\(\)' --type rust -n

# Find allocating methods in loops
rg 'for .* in|while|loop' -A 10 --type rust | rg '\.to_string\(\)|\.to_vec\(\)|\.clone\(\)'

# Find HashMap/Vec without capacity hints
rg 'HashMap::new\(\)|Vec::new\(\)' --type rust -n

# Find format! macro usage
rg 'format!\(' --type rust -n

# Find missing inline attributes on pub functions
rg '^pub fn \w+' --type rust -n

# Find large enums (check for Box opportunities)
rg '^pub enum|^enum' -A 20 --type rust

# Find dyn Trait usage
rg 'dyn \w+' --type rust -n

</static_analysis_commands>

<success_criteria> Analysis is complete when:

Available profiling tools identified (or install instructions provided)
Dynamic profiling run (benchmarks, flamegraph, memory profiler)
Static analysis completed for all optimization patterns
Findings prioritized by impact (Critical/Important/Minor)
Each finding includes file:line reference
Each finding includes specific fix recommendation
Prioritized findings list generated
Detailed markdown report generated
Report includes methodology and tool versions </success_criteria>

analyze-rust-optimizations